Here are some key points about the human heart:
- Structure: The human heart is roughly the size of a clenched fist and is divided into four chambers: two atria (left and right) and two ventricles (left and right). The right side of the heart receives oxygen-depleted blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation, while the left side receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the rest of the body.
- Valves: The heart contains four valves that ensure one-way blood flow through the chambers. The valves are the tricuspid valve and pulmonary valve on the right side, and the mitral valve and aortic valve on the left side.
- Blood Supply: The heart has its own blood supply through coronary arteries, which provide oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle. The coronary arteries branch off from the main aorta and encircle the heart.
- Cardiac Cycle: The heart contracts and relaxes in a rhythmic pattern known as the cardiac cycle. During systole, the ventricles contract, pumping blood out of the heart. During diastole, the ventricles relax and fill with blood.
- Electrical System: The heart has its own electrical conduction system that coordinates the rhythmic contractions. The sinoatrial (SA) node initiates the electrical impulses, which then travel through the atria, stimulating them to contract. The impulses then pass through the atrioventricular (AV) node and travel down specialized fibers called bundle branches, causing the ventricles to contract.
- Heart Rate: The heart rate refers to the number of times the heart beats per minute. It can vary depending on factors such as physical activity, stress, and overall health. The average resting heart rate for adults is typically between 60 and 100 beats per minute.
- Function: The main function of the heart is to pump oxygenated blood to the body's tissues and organs and to receive deoxygenated blood from the body and pump it to the lungs for oxygenation. This continuous circulation of blood supplies oxygen, nutrients, and removes waste products from the body.
- Heart Health: Maintaining a healthy heart is crucial for overall well-being. Regular physical activity, a balanced diet, avoiding smoking, managing stress, and controlling risk factors such as high blood pressure and cholesterol levels contribute to heart health.
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