Here are some key points about red blood cells:
- Structure: Red blood cells are small, flexible, and disc-shaped cells without a nucleus. This unique shape allows them to squeeze through narrow blood vessels and maximize their surface area for efficient gas exchange.
- Hemoglobin: Red blood cells contain a protein called hemoglobin, which is responsible for binding and carrying oxygen. Hemoglobin molecules have iron at their core, which binds to oxygen in the lungs and releases it in the tissues.
- Oxygen Transport: The primary function of red blood cells is to transport oxygen. As they pass through the lungs, they pick up oxygen molecules, which bind to hemoglobin. The oxygenated red blood cells then circulate through the body, delivering oxygen to the tissues.
- Carbon Dioxide Removal: Red blood cells also play a role in removing carbon dioxide from the body. As they reach the tissues, carbon dioxide diffuses into the red blood cells and binds to hemoglobin. The carbon dioxide is then transported back to the lungs, where it is released and exhaled.
- Production: Red blood cells are continuously produced in the bone marrow through a process called erythropoiesis. The production and maturation of red blood cells are regulated by a hormone called erythropoietin, which is produced by the kidneys in response to low oxygen levels.
- Lifespan: Red blood cells have a limited lifespan of around 120 days. After that, they are removed from circulation and broken down in the spleen and liver. The components of the broken-down red blood cells are recycled or eliminated.
- Red Blood Cell Count: The number of red blood cells in the body can vary, and it is typically measured as part of a complete blood count (CBC) test. The red blood cell count, along with other parameters, provides valuable information about a person's overall health.
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